David Faulkner

David Faulkner

Senior Digital Compositor / 14 yrs

Los Angeles, CA

Hire Me

Visualization Artist

Loki (2021)

Postvis Compositor

John Wick: Chapter 3 (2019)

Postvis Compositor

Creed II (2018)

Visualization Artist

Justice League (2017)

Designer/Editor

i (2015)

VFX Artist at StereoD

Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014)

VFX Artist at StereoD

Thor: The Dark World (2013)

Depth Artist

Iron Man 3 (2013)

VFX Artist at StereoD

Star Trek Into Darkness (2013)

Thor (2011)

VFX Artist at StereoD

Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (2010)

Documentary / Stereoscopic Artist

Jackass 3D (2010)

VFX Artist at StereoD

Jackass 3 (2010)
Samsing Z Flip campaign
Switchblade Music Video
Updated reel
Showreel
Knightfall promo
Stranger Things Showreel
websites: www.davidmfaulkner.com
www.mattefinish.xyz
Work History

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    June 2023 - July 2023
    Los Angeles, California, United States · Remote

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    June 2023 - July 2023
    Los Angeles, California, United States · Remote

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    June 2023 - July 2023
    Los Angeles, California, United States · Remote

  • Compositor

    Lionsgate

    May 2023 - June 2023
    Los Angeles, California, United States · Remote

  • Compositor

    Lionsgate

    May 2023 - June 2023
    Los Angeles, California, United States · Remote

  • Compositor

    Lionsgate

    May 2023 - June 2023
    Los Angeles, California, United States · Remote

  • Designer/Editor

    Freelance

    May 2008 - May 2023
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Hereos Season 2 B-Roll
    Da Vita industrial Video
    Sketchers Shape-Ups promo

  • Compositor

    MPC

    January 2023 - April 2023
    Los Angeles, California, United States · Remote

  • Compositor

    MPC

    January 2023 - April 2023
    Los Angeles, California, United States · Remote

  • Compositor

    MPC

    January 2023 - April 2023
    Los Angeles, California, United States · Remote

  • Compositor

    Wylie Co.

    October 2022 - January 2023
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Wylie Co.

    October 2022 - January 2023
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Wylie Co.

    October 2022 - January 2023
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Generalist and problem solver

    Freelance

    March 2015 - January 2023
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Compositing
    Difficult keying
    Poster finishes
    Motion Graphics
    VFX
    2D and 3D Tracking
    Beauty work
    Solving any problem the client may have with a smile

  • Compositor

    Logan

    August 2022 - October 2022
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Logan

    August 2022 - October 2022
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Logan

    August 2022 - October 2022
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Digital Compositor

    Refuge VFX

    March 2022 - August 2022
    Los Angeles, CA

  • Compositor

    epic shepherd

    July 2022 - July 2022
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Gradient Effects

    July 2022 - July 2022

  • Compositor

    epic shepherd

    July 2022 - July 2022
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Gradient Effects

    July 2022 - July 2022

  • Compositor

    epic shepherd

    July 2022 - July 2022
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Gradient Effects

    July 2022 - July 2022

  • Compositor

    SOKRISPYMEDIA

    May 2022 - May 2022

  • Compositor

    Timber

    May 2022 - May 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Ntropic

    May 2022 - May 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    SOKRISPYMEDIA

    May 2022 - May 2022

  • Compositor

    Timber

    May 2022 - May 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Ntropic

    May 2022 - May 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    SOKRISPYMEDIA

    May 2022 - May 2022

  • Compositor

    Timber

    May 2022 - May 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Ntropic

    May 2022 - May 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Refuge VFX

    April 2022 - May 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Refuge VFX

    April 2022 - May 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Refuge VFX

    April 2022 - May 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    King and Country LLC

    April 2022 - April 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    King and Country LLC

    April 2022 - April 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    King and Country LLC

    April 2022 - April 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    March 2022 - April 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    March 2022 - April 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    March 2022 - April 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    MPC

    February 2022 - March 2022
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    MPC

    February 2022 - March 2022
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    MPC

    February 2022 - March 2022
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    TiltShift

    January 2022 - March 2022
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    TiltShift

    January 2022 - March 2022
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    TiltShift

    January 2022 - March 2022
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Blacksmith

    February 2022 - February 2022
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Blacksmith

    February 2022 - February 2022
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Blacksmith

    February 2022 - February 2022
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Parliament

    January 2022 - February 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Parliament

    January 2022 - February 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Parliament

    January 2022 - February 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Pariah Creative

    January 2022 - January 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Pariah Creative

    January 2022 - January 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Pariah Creative

    January 2022 - January 2022
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Knockdown Post

    December 2021 - December 2021
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Knockdown Post

    December 2021 - December 2021
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Knockdown Post

    December 2021 - December 2021
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Pixomondo

    October 2021 - December 2021
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Pixomondo

    October 2021 - December 2021
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Pixomondo

    October 2021 - December 2021
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Method Studios

    July 2021 - September 2021
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Method Studios

    July 2021 - September 2021
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Method Studios

    July 2021 - September 2021
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Riotmaker

    June 2021 - June 2021
    Santa Monica, California, United States

  • Compositor

    King and Country LLC

    June 2021 - June 2021
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Riotmaker

    June 2021 - June 2021
    Santa Monica, California, United States

  • Compositor

    King and Country LLC

    June 2021 - June 2021
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Riotmaker

    June 2021 - June 2021
    Santa Monica, California, United States

  • Compositor

    King and Country LLC

    June 2021 - June 2021
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    Elastic

    May 2021 - May 2021
    Santa Monica, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Elastic

    April 2021 - May 2021
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Ntropic

    April 2021 - April 2021
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Alkemy X

    April 2021 - April 2021
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Occlusion VFX

    March 2021 - April 2021
    Los Angeles California, United States

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    March 2021 - March 2021
    Los Angeles Metropolitan Area

  • Compositor

    LAUNDRY!

    February 2021 - February 2021
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Compadre

    January 2021 - February 2021
    Culver City, California, United States

  • Compositor

    The Mill

    January 2021 - January 2021
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    The Third Floor

    December 2020 - January 2021
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Colorist

    Creative Mammals

    December 2020 - December 2020

  • Motion GFX artist

    One vote at a time

    September 2020 - October 2020
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Roger

    August 2020 - September 2020
    Los Angeles, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Steelhead

    March 2020 - March 2020
    Playa Vista, California, United States

  • Compositor

    Frame 48

    February 2020 - March 2020
    Culver City, California

  • Digital Compositor

    Ntropic

    January 2020 - February 2020
    Santa Monica, CA

  • Compositor

    Ntropic

    December 2019 - February 2020
    Santa Monica, CA

  • Compositor

    Brud

    November 2019 - December 2019
    Los Angeles, California

  • Composior

    Proof Inc

    October 2019 - October 2019
    Los Angeles, California

  • Compositor

    Genpop

    July 2019 - September 2019
    Santa Monica, CA

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    June 2019 - July 2019
    Los Angeles, California

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    June 2019 - July 2019
    Los Angeles, California

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    June 2019 - July 2019
    Los Angeles, California

  • Compositor

    Edisen

    May 2019 - June 2019
    Marina Del Rey, CA

  • Compositor

    Edisen

    May 2019 - June 2019
    Marina Del Rey, CA

  • Compositor

    Edisen

    May 2019 - June 2019
    Marina Del Rey, CA

  • Compositor

    Ntropic

    April 2019 - June 2019
    Santa Monica, California

  • Compositor

    Ntropic

    April 2019 - June 2019
    Santa Monica, California

  • Compositor

    Ntropic

    April 2019 - June 2019
    Santa Monica, California

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    March 2019 - June 2019
    Los Angeles, California

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    March 2019 - June 2019
    Los Angeles, California

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    March 2019 - June 2019
    Los Angeles, California

  • Compositor

    Blacksmith

    March 2019 - April 2019
    Santa Monica, California

  • Compositor

    Blacksmith

    March 2019 - April 2019
    Santa Monica, California

  • Compositor

    Blacksmith

    March 2019 - April 2019
    Santa Monica, California

  • Compositor

    Ntropic

    February 2019 - March 2019
    Santa Monica, California

  • Compositor

    Ntropic

    February 2019 - March 2019
    Santa Monica, California

  • Compositor

    Ntropic

    February 2019 - March 2019
    Santa Monica, California

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    January 2019 - February 2019
    Greater Los Angeles Area

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    January 2019 - February 2019
    Greater Los Angeles Area

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    January 2019 - February 2019
    Greater Los Angeles Area

  • Compositor

    CVLT

    October 2018 - November 2018
    Culver City, CA

  • Compositor

    CVLT

    October 2018 - November 2018
    Culver City, CA

  • Compositor

    CVLT

    October 2018 - November 2018
    Culver City, CA

  • Compositor

    CVLT

    October 2018 - November 2018
    Culver City, CA

  • Compositor

    CVLT

    October 2018 - November 2018
    Culver City, CA

  • Compositor

    CVLT

    October 2018 - November 2018
    Culver City, CA

  • Compositor

    We Are Royale

    October 2018 - October 2018
    Greater Los Angeles Area

  • Compositor

    CVLT

    October 2018 - October 2018
    Greater Los Angeles Area

  • Compositor

    We Are Royale

    October 2018 - October 2018
    Greater Los Angeles Area

  • Compositor

    CVLT

    October 2018 - October 2018
    Greater Los Angeles Area

  • Compositor

    We Are Royale

    October 2018 - October 2018
    Greater Los Angeles Area

  • Compositor

    CVLT

    October 2018 - October 2018
    Greater Los Angeles Area

  • Compositor

    Proof Inc

    August 2018 - September 2018
    Los Angeles, California

  • Compositor

    Electric Theatre Collective

    July 2018 - August 2018
    Santa Monica, California

  • Compositor

    Electric Theatre Collective

    July 2018 - August 2018
    Santa Monica, California

  • Compositor

    Electric Theatre Collective

    July 2018 - August 2018
    Santa Monica, California

  • Compositor

    CVLT

    July 2018 - July 2018

  • Compositor

    CVLT

    July 2018 - July 2018

  • Compositor

    CVLT

    July 2018 - July 2018

  • Compositor

    Mirada Studios

    June 2018 - June 2018
    Hollywood, CA

  • Compositor

    Mirada Studios

    June 2018 - June 2018
    Hollywood, CA

  • Compositor

    Mirada Studios

    June 2018 - June 2018
    Hollywood, CA

  • Compositor

    Barnstorm VFX

    February 2018 - June 2018
    Burbank, ca

  • Compositor

    Giant Propeller

    January 2018 - February 2018

  • Compositor

    Giant Propeller

    October 2017 - February 2018
    Culver City, California

  • Compositor

    Giant Propeller

    October 2017 - February 2018
    Culver City, California

  • Compositor

    Giant Propeller

    October 2017 - February 2018
    Culver City, California

  • Compositor

    Deluxe Entertainment

    August 2017 - January 2018
    Burbank, California

  • Compositor

    Tool of North America

    October 2017 - October 2017
    Santa Monica, California

    Worked on Independent Film Burning Women

  • Compositor

    Tool of North America

    October 2017 - October 2017
    Santa Monica, California

    Worked on Independent Film Burning Women

  • Compositor

    Tool of North America

    October 2017 - October 2017
    Santa Monica, California

    Worked on Independent Film Burning Women

  • Compositor

    King and Country

    July 2017 - July 2017
    Santa Monica, CA

  • Compositor

    The Molecule

    May 2017 - June 2017
    Los Angeles, California

    Compositor on:
    Ballers
    Shooter

  • Compositor

    The Third Floor

    October 2016 - February 2017

    Compositor for Justice League

  • Compositor

    The Third Floor

    October 2016 - February 2017

    Compositor for Justice League

  • Compositor

    The Third Floor

    October 2016 - February 2017

    Compositor for Justice League

  • Compositor

    Gradient Effects

    September 2016 - October 2016
    Marina Del Rey, California

    Compositor on :
    Doctor Strange
    Colony
    Fantastic Beasts and where they come from

  • Compositor

    Gradient Effects

    September 2016 - October 2016
    Marina Del Rey, California

    Compositor on :
    Doctor Strange
    Colony
    Fantastic Beasts and where they come from

  • Compositor

    Gradient Effects

    September 2016 - October 2016
    Marina Del Rey, California

    Compositor on :
    Doctor Strange
    Colony
    Fantastic Beasts and where they come from

  • Compositor

    The Third Floor

    August 2016 - September 2016

    Postvis compositor and tracker:
    Star Wars: The Last Jedi

  • Compositor

    The Third Floor

    August 2016 - September 2016

    Postvis compositor and tracker:
    Star Wars: The Last Jedi

  • Compositor

    The Third Floor

    August 2016 - September 2016

    Postvis compositor and tracker:
    Star Wars: The Last Jedi

  • Compositor

    Muskrat Content

    August 2016 - August 2016
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Compositor for a very cool upcoming commercial.

  • Compositor

    Muskrat Content

    August 2016 - August 2016
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Compositor for a very cool upcoming commercial.

  • Compositor

    Muskrat Content

    August 2016 - August 2016
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Compositor for a very cool upcoming commercial.

  • Compositor

    Digital Twigs

    July 2016 - July 2016

    Roto/paint artist for stop motion shots for Farmers commercials

  • Compositor

    Digital Twigs

    July 2016 - July 2016

    Roto/paint artist for stop motion shots for Farmers commercials

  • Compositor

    Digital Twigs

    July 2016 - July 2016

    Roto/paint artist for stop motion shots for Farmers commercials

  • Compositor

    Gradient Effects

    March 2016 - June 2016
    Marina Del Rey, California

    Compositor on TV shows such as:
    Fear of the Walking Dead
    Stranger Things
    The Last Ship

  • Compositor

    Gradient Effects

    March 2016 - June 2016
    Marina Del Rey, California

    Compositor on TV shows such as:
    Fear of the Walking Dead
    Stranger Things
    The Last Ship

  • Compositor

    Gradient Effects

    March 2016 - June 2016
    Marina Del Rey, California

    Compositor on TV shows such as:
    Fear of the Walking Dead
    Stranger Things
    The Last Ship

  • Roto artist

    Flawless FX

    March 2016 - March 2016
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Matte extraction and roto for Dixie Chicks music video

  • Roto artist

    Flawless FX

    March 2016 - March 2016
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Matte extraction and roto for Dixie Chicks music video

  • Roto artist

    Flawless FX

    March 2016 - March 2016
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Matte extraction and roto for Dixie Chicks music video

  • Paint artist

    Method Studios

    February 2016 - February 2016
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Created clean plates for Captain America: Civil War

  • Paint artist

    Method Studios

    February 2016 - February 2016
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Created clean plates for Captain America: Civil War

  • Paint artist

    Method Studios

    February 2016 - February 2016
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Created clean plates for Captain America: Civil War

  • Compositor

    Legend 3D | VR | FX

    October 2015 - January 2016
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Compositor on the following feature films:

    Gods of Egypt
    Ghostbusters
    Alice in Wonderland 2
    Petes Dragon
    The Finest Hours
    The Brothers Grimsby

  • Compositor

    Legend 3D | VR | FX

    October 2015 - January 2016
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Compositor on the following feature films:

    Gods of Egypt
    Ghostbusters
    Alice in Wonderland 2
    Petes Dragon
    The Finest Hours
    The Brothers Grimsby

  • Compositor

    Legend 3D | VR | FX

    October 2015 - January 2016
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Compositor on the following feature films:

    Gods of Egypt
    Ghostbusters
    Alice in Wonderland 2
    Petes Dragon
    The Finest Hours
    The Brothers Grimsby

  • Graphic Designer

    Matte Finish

    October 2015 - October 2015
    Greater Los Angeles Area

  • Graphic Designer

    Matte Finish

    October 2015 - October 2015
    Greater Los Angeles Area

  • Graphic Designer

    Matte Finish

    October 2015 - October 2015
    Greater Los Angeles Area

  • Compositor for TV

    Shade VFX

    September 2015 - October 2015
    Santa Monica

    Helped on comps and wire removal for Black Sails season 3.

  • Compositor for TV

    Shade VFX

    September 2015 - October 2015
    Santa Monica

    Helped on comps and wire removal for Black Sails season 3.

  • Compositor for TV

    Shade VFX

    September 2015 - October 2015
    Santa Monica

    Helped on comps and wire removal for Black Sails season 3.

  • Freelance Graphic Designer

    Matte Finish

    April 2015 - August 2015
    Burbank, CA

    Contributed to the finish for the International Hotel Transylvania 2 poster.

  • Freelance Graphic Designer

    Matte Finish

    April 2015 - August 2015
    Burbank, CA

    Contributed to the finish for the International Hotel Transylvania 2 poster.

  • Freelance Graphic Designer

    Matte Finish

    April 2015 - August 2015
    Burbank, CA

    Contributed to the finish for the International Hotel Transylvania 2 poster.

  • Nuke Artist

    4 Max Post

    May 2015 - June 2015
    Toluca Lake, CA

    2D compositor, tracker, paint artist on Tyler Perry TV shows.

  • Nuke Artist

    4 Max Post

    May 2015 - June 2015
    Toluca Lake, CA

    2D compositor, tracker, paint artist on Tyler Perry TV shows.

  • Nuke Artist

    4 Max Post

    May 2015 - June 2015
    Toluca Lake, CA

    2D compositor, tracker, paint artist on Tyler Perry TV shows.

  • VFX Artist for feature films

    Stereo D

    June 2010 - March 2015

    VFX Artist Thor Comicon trailer
    VFX Artist Enter the Dragon Promo for Panasonic
    VFX Artist Jackass 3D
    VFX Artist Gulliver's Travels
    VFX Artist Thor
    VFX Artist Captain America: The First Avenger
    VFX Artist The Avengers
    VFX Artist Titanic 3D
    VFX Artist GI Joe: Retaliation 3D
    VFX Artist Jurassic park 3D
    VFX Artist The Avengers
    VFX Artist Katy Parry
    VFX Artist Hansel and Gretel
    VFX Artist The Wolverine
    VFX Artist Ironman 3
    VFX Artist Star Trek: Into Darkness
    VFX Artist Pacific Rim
    VFX Artist Thor: The Dark World
    VFX Artist Captain America: The Winter Soldier
    VFX Artist Need for Speed
    VFX Artist The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water
    VFX Artist Mad Max: Fury Road
    VFX Artist The Avengers: Age of Ultron
    VFX Artist Everest

  • Stereo R&D

    West Wing Studios

    January 2010 - June 2010
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    R&D for stereo conversion of foreign CG feature
    R&D on domestic feature library titles

  • PA/Office Manager/Assistant Editor/Machine Room Operator

    mOcean

    November 2005 - May 2008
    Burbank, CA

    Contributed to AV campaigns for the following movies:

    Wall-E
    Bolt
    300
    The Fountain
    The Ant Bully
    Little Miss Sunshine
    Thank you for Smoking
    The Guardian
    Daywatch
    Juno

    To name a few...

  • PA/Office Manager/Assistant Editor/Machine Room Operator

    mOcean

    November 2005 - May 2008
    Burbank, CA

    Contributed to AV campaigns for the following movies:

    Wall-E
    Bolt
    300
    The Fountain
    The Ant Bully
    Little Miss Sunshine
    Thank you for Smoking
    The Guardian
    Daywatch
    Juno

    To name a few...

  • PA/Office Manager/Assistant Editor/Machine Room Operator

    mOcean

    November 2005 - May 2008
    Burbank, CA

    Contributed to AV campaigns for the following movies:

    Wall-E
    Bolt
    300
    The Fountain
    The Ant Bully
    Little Miss Sunshine
    Thank you for Smoking
    The Guardian
    Daywatch
    Juno

    To name a few...

  • Problem Solver

    StereoScope

    December 2007 - 2008

    Was a integral part of the I.E.D. Simulator for Military training for soldiers in Iraq. Help design and implement the worlds smallest 360 camera rig at the time as well as composite the footage into one seamless image.

  • Junior Designer

    XL Industries

    May 2004 - September 2005
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Coming up with poster comp designs for various campaigns that included finishing the comp for printing and release. Motion graphics and editing for promotional videos and B-Roll.

  • intern

    PETROL Advertising

    2004 - 2004

    Did runs and helped with whatever was needed in the early stages of the well known company of today.

  • intern

    PETROL Advertising

    2004 - 2004

    Did runs and helped with whatever was needed in the early stages of the well known company of today.

  • intern

    PETROL Advertising

    2004 - 2004

    Did runs and helped with whatever was needed in the early stages of the well known company of today.

  • PA

    Seiniger Advertising

    2002 - 2004
    Greater Los Angeles Area

    Preparing comp boards for client presentations.

View All Positions
Education

  • Video Symphony

    ? - ?